Animal Studies and Carryover to Human Expectation
Literally thousands of studies are available on the physiological
effects
of fluorides on animals and humans. However, toxicity studies are
chiefly
carried out on animals. One of the immediate questions that arises is
the
relevance of animal studies to humans. A 1995 study, Neurotoxicity of
Sodium
Fluoride on Rats [ 1 ] , indicates that "experience with other
developmental
neurotoxicants prompts expectations that changes in behavioral
functions
will be comparable across species, especially humans and rats." [ 2 ]
The
reason that rats appear to be used, rather than mice, is that rats have
a higher resistance to toxins and will not manifest symptoms as
readily.
Logic then tells us that if rats are affected, the potential for human
damage is at least as great.
Human Considerations With Fluorides
Fluorides have been added to public water supplies for more than 40
years. Even looking at the issue on a superficial level, dental
fluorosis
has been on the rise in the mass population since the 1960's [ 3 ],
which
is an indicator that the total amount of fluoride intake, including
water
fluoridation, is has been on a serious level for some time. Exposures
to
dietary fluoride easily exceed 100 parts per million (ppm);
toothpastes,
which are packaged in aluminum tubes [ 4 ] ,contain 1000 to 1500 ppm
fluoride
[ 5 ] .
Mouthrinses contain 230-900 ppm [ 6 ] . Store-bought juices can
contain
2.8 ppm fluoride [ 7 ], a fact which even the American Dental
Association
admits [ 8 ]. However, biological effects are apparent at even lower
levels
[ 9 ] , and fluorides are accumulative in the brain [ 10 ], with the
effects
on behavior related directly to plasma fluoride levels [ 11 ].
Thus, there are studies which directly contradict claims by
proponents
that fluorides do not pass the blood-brain barrier [ 12 ] which only
reflect
short-term situations. Fluorides are cumulative, and short-term studies
are specifically designed by proponents in a weak attempt to circumvent
biological data [ 13 ]. Research indicates that agencies like the AMA
and
ADA were reasonably honest about the issue prior to 1945, before
corporate
pressure apparently forced them to "get in line". According to the AMA
on September 18, 1943, "fluorides are general protoplasmic poisons,
with
the capacity to modify the metabolism of cells by inhibiting certain
enzymes.
Sources of fluorine intoxication include drinking water containing 1ppm
or more of fluorine" [ 14 ]. Amazing, isn't it? Even the ADA was honest
about the issue back then, on October 1, 1944, when it said, "drinking
water containing as little as 1.2 ppm fluoride will cause developmental
disturbances ... we cannot run the risk of producing such serious
systemic
disturbances. In light of our present knowledge of the chemistry of the
subject, the potentialities for harm outweigh those for good "[ 15 ].
So,
since the properties of fluorides haven't changed, and the nature of
human
physiology haven't changed, why do they maintain today that it causes
"no
harm"? What's wrong with this picture? Since everything in society
flows
from the top down, we can only assume that governmental agency pressure
is the reason. In fact, that is precisely the case, but why in God's
name
would that want to do that?
Since acquisition of reports on the behavior effects of fluorides
on
the brain from U.S. sources is quite difficult, most of the reports
(but
not all) are from foreign research. Chinese investigations have found
that
levels of fluoride in water from 3-1 ppm affect the nervous system
directly
without first causing physical deformations from skeletal fluorosis [
16
].
Experiments on Rats and Fluorides
In rats exposed to 100 ppm fluoride for six weeks, starting at the
age of three months, fluoride levels increased in the medulla oblongata
in both sexes, and in the hippocampus of females, the sex with
significant
behavioral disturbances [ 17 ].It is a matter of fact that the
hippocampus
is neurologically considered to be the "central processor" in the brain
which integrates inputs from the environment, memory, and motivational
stimuli to produce behavioral decisions and modify memory [ 18 ].
Humans
are exposed to plasma levels of fluoride as high as those found in rat
studies [ 19 ], and considering water and food products containing
fluoride
are given to babies and young children, it involves interruption of
normal
brain development [ 20 ] and subsequent interference in the way a human
being perceives and is able to react to the environment.
Furthermore, generic behavioral pattern disruption as found in rat
studies
can be indicative of a potential for motor dysfunction, intelligence
deficits
and learning disabilities in humans [ 21 ]. As far as accumulation of
fluorides
in the brain is concerned, with rats it was found, in one case, that
six
weeks of consuming 75 and 100 ppm fluoride produced a higher plasma
fluoride
level than did 125 ppm [ 22 ]. So, long-term accumulation of low doses
has a significant effect. The medical establishment knew this in 1944,
because they specifically said that levels above 1ppm were dangerous.
Why,
then, was the "optimum level" for water fluoridation (never mind the
higher
levels in foods and juices) set at 1ppm? Why would the World Health
Organization
have a target of fluoridating water supplies planetwide by the year
2000?
[ 23 ] Why does the Clinton administration push so hard to have the
United
States completely fluoridated by the year 2000? Why does Mexico add 250
mg of potassium fluoride to the salt consumed by the population? [ 24 ]
Why in 1996 is the U.S. sending proponents of fluoridation to Scotland
and England to help quell the justifiable concerns of the public, who
are
being termed "civil rights activists"?
More Human Studies
The Chinese have been a great souce of information on the effect of
fluorides on the intelligence of children. A study done in 1995 by Li
of
907 children demonstrated that "the IQ of children living in areas of
fluorosis
was lower than areas where there was no fluorosis"[ 25 ].
According to the Li study, "it appears that the influence of a
fluoride
environment on the development of intelligence may occur early in
development,
such as the stages of embryonic life or infancy, when the
differentiation
and growth of the nervous system is most rapid." [ 26 ]
Furthermore, "active and comprehensive measures should be taken to
reduce
the fluoride intake by the population." [ 27 ] If we are already
getting
an overdose from the environment, why do we need it added to the water?
The practice, even in terms of simple logic, is no defensible in any
shape,
way or manner. Lastly, the Li study concludes with, "this suggests that
developing brain tissues are sensitive to fluorides." [ 28 ]
Other Chinese studies support the work by Li [ 29 ]. Since
fluoride
levels in the body are cumulative, and fluoride intake lowers
intelligence,
the end result is a population with little ability to evolve. Since
studies
which claim that fluorides prevent cavities are contracted by parties
with
a conflict of interest, and there is no credible scientific evidence to
suggest that it does [ 31 ]. One of the many reasons they can get away
with this is because of the paradoxical effect of the effect of toxins
on biological systems.
There is not a linear dose-response relationship [ 32 ]. What this
means
is that a small amount of fluoride concentration has a great effect.
Orthodox
media and science tells the public that a linear effect is the only
observable
phenomena. They're lying. As the total accumulation of fluorides is
approaching
a toxic level, we see all sorts of physiological phenomena in progress.
Even gastrointestinal problems and acid-stomach is produced by
fluoridated
water [ 33 ].
Other Historical Factors
According to Senator Ambruster in his magnificent tome Treason's Peace
- German Dyes and American Dupes (1947), one of the largest producers
of
fluorides as a hazardous waste by-product was the Aluminium Company of
America (ALCOA), who had a 1931 agreement with I.G. Farben in Germany,
as did Dow Chemical Company (1933) to restrict American production of
materials
vital to the U.S. war effort. Other companies such as Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI, England), DuPont, Standard Oil (Rockefeller, who
contributed
war materials and money to Hitler), American Cyanamid and
Sterling-Winthrop-Bayer
were Farben associates. Indictments were filed against several of these
companies on January 30, 1941, covering conspiracy, but inside forces
spent
so much effort at softening up the Justice Department (which is still
corrupt
today) to prevent prosecution that by April 15, 1942, all the
defendants
pleaded nolo contendre ("oh, well, what if we did?") and paid fines of
$25,000 each. It is also a fact that I.G. Farben itself was indicted,
but
the case never came to court. Some of Farben's leading subsidiaries in
the U.S. were General Aniline and Film (GAF), American I.G., and Bayer,
but it was their associate ALCOA which figured prominently in the
introduction
of fluoride wastes from aluminum production (difficult of dispose of),
quickly joined by LCI (Florida) and other fertilizer industries who had
fluoride by-products classified by the EPA as hazardous waste [ 39 ].
END NOTES:
[ 1 ] Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, pp.169-177,
"Neurotoxicity
of Sodium Fluoride in Rats", Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan,
1995.
[ 2 ] Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 12, pp.285-292, 1990,
Francis
et al, "Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparibility of
human
and animal developmental neurotoxicity: Summary and implications";
Neurotoxicology
and Teratology, Vol 12, pp.261-267, Stanton et al, "Comparability of
measures
of developmental neurotoxicity in humans and laboratory animals", 1990
[ 3 ] Centers for Disease Control. Public Health Service Report on
"fluoride
risks". MMWR 40, No. RR-7, 1-8; 1991.
[ 4 ] In July 1993, a scientific study of the effect of fluoride
on
rats links behavior changes and brain damage with aluminum and
fluoride.
[ Varner, J.A. et al, "Chronic Aluminum Fluoride Administration: II.
Selected
Histological Observations" Neuroscience Research Communications, Vol 13
No.2, 1993, pp.99-104 ; Chase, M., "Rat Studies Link Brain Cell Damage
with Aluminum and Fluoride in Water", Wall Street Journal, October 28,
1992.]
[ 5 ] Pediatric Dentisty, Vol 10, pp.185-188, 1988, Beltran et al,
"Fluoride
in toothpastes for children" ; Monographs of Oral Science, Vol 13,
P.1-160,
1959, Whitford, G.M., "The metabolism and toxcity of fluoride."
[ 6 ] Monographs of Oral Science, Vol 13, P.1-160, 1959, Whitford,
G.M.,
"The metabolism and toxcity of fluoride."
[ 7 ] A report surfaces that fluoride-containing pesticides on
fruit
increase human fluoride intake. Some juices contain 6.8 ppm fluoride.
[Stannard,
J.G., et al, "Fluoride levels and fluoride contamination of fruit
juices",
Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, Vol 16 No 1, 1991, pp.38-40 ;
"Assessing Fluoride Concentration of Juices and Juice-Flavored Drinks",
Journal of the American Dental Association, JADA Preview, 1996, Kiritsy
et al.]
[ 8 ] Journal of the American Dental Association, Kiritsy et al,
1996,
JADA Previews, "Assessing Fluoride Concentrations of Juices and
Juice-Favored
Drinks".
[ 9 ] Scientific information is published on the Paradoxical
Effect
of the biological effect of chemical toxins, in an article by Shatz et
al. That is the response increases with time and then diminishes with
even
higher doses. In other words there is not a linear relationship between
dose and effect. This means that there is no threshold below which
fluorides
and radiation, for example, are harmless. This also applies to the
electromagnetic
effects on human biology. [Shatz, A., et al, "The Occurrence and
Importance
of Paradoxical Concentration Effects on Biological Systems", Compost
Science,
Vol 5, p.22-30, Spring 1964 ; Shatz, A., "Low Level Fluoridation and
Low-Level
Radiation - Two Case Histories of Misconduct of Science", by A. Schatz,
Ph.D, 1996]
[ 10 ] Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, p.175,
"Neurotoxicity
of Sodium Fluoride in Rats", Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan,
1995.
[ 11 ] Ibid.
[ 12 ] American Journal of Physiology, Vol 236, F141-146, 1979,
Pashley
et al, "Short-term kinetics",1979.
[ 13 ] This rationale is also seen within the paradigm of
vaccination,
mercury amalgam,etc. See Matrix III Volume II, Leading Edge Research
Group,
P.O. Box 7530, Yelm, Washington 98597.
[ 14 ] Journal of the American Medical Association, September 18,
1943.
[ 15 ] Journal of the American Dental Association, Editorial,
October
1, 1944.
[ 16 ] Chinese Journal of Endemiology, Vol 2. Pp.63-70, 1992, "The
nervous
systemic complications of chronic fluorosis", Ding, L.I. ; Hu, Y.H., et
al, The Compilation of the First Conference on Neuropsychiatric
Diseases
in Xinjian, "Fluoride in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
fluorosis",
pp86-88, 1982 ; Shung-Guan, C.M., et al, Chinese Journal of Internal
Medicine,
Vol 21, pp.217-219, 1982, "The non-skeletal lesions of endemic
fluorosis",
1982.
[ 17 ] Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, p.175,
"Neurotoxicity
of Sodium Fluoride in Rats", Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan,
1995.
[ 18 ] Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, Vol 16, pp.63-70,
1992,
Delong G.R., "Autism, amnesia, hippocampus and learning.".
[ 19 ] Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, p.176,
"Neurotoxicity
of Sodium Fluoride in Rats", Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan,
1995.
[ 20 ] Ibid.
[ 21 ] Ibid.
[ 22 ] Ibid.
[ 23 ] The WHO internet site and other documents establish this
target.
Also, the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Report on May 29, 1992 and the
ADA
News on January 3, 1994. The WHO also engages in international fluoride
politics, intimidation and bribery. See Matrix III Vol II, p.307. The
United
States is the most medicated nation on earth. Now, who would want to
medicate
the "land of freedom"? Why is the fluoridation of aborigines and indian
tribes so vital to governments? Many questions abound.
[ 24 ] Salt Fluoridation in Mexico, Dr. Lucila Pazoz Hernandez,
National
Coordinator of the Salt Fluoridation Program in Mexico. On May 27,
1991,
Mexico became the seventh country in the world to adopt salt
fluoridation
as a "mass measure." The salt fluoridation program is also part of
international
commitments, such as the 1979 resolutions of the Pan American Health
Organization.
[ 25 ] X.S.Li et al, Fluoride, Vol 26, No.4, pp.189-192, 1995,
"Effect
of Fluoride Exposure on Intelligence In Children". Presented to the
20th
Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research, Beijing,
China, September 5-9, 1994.
[ 26 ] Ibid., p.191-192.
[ 27 [ Ibid., p. 192.
[ 28 ] Ibid.
[ 29 ] Guo, X.C., et al, "A preliminary exploration of IQ of 7-13
year-old
pupils in a fluorosis area with contamination from burning coal",
Chinese
Journal of Control of Endemic Dieases, Vol 10, No.2, pp. 98-100, 1991 ;
Qin, L.S. et al, "The Influence of drinking water fluoride on pupils
IQ",
Chinese Journal of Control of Epidemic Diseases, Vol 5. No.4,
pp.203-204,
1990 ; Manual of Anti-Epidemic Fluorosis, Bureau of Anti-Epidemic
Diseases,
Ministry of Public Health, Harbin, 1989 ; Ha, H., et al, "The Influence
of Fluoride on the Human Embryo", Chinese Journal of Control of
Epidemic
Diseases, Vol 4, pp.136-137, 1989 ; Du.L., et al, "The Influence of
chronic
fluorosis on the development of the brain of the Human Embryo", Journal
of Fluorosis Research Communications, Vol 138, 1991. Source: The
International
Society for Fluoride Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
[ 31 ] In fact a 1992 study in Tucson, Arizona of 26,000
elementary
school children found that the more fluoride a child consumes, the more
cavities appear in the teeth. No wonder the ADA promotes it. The study
was conducted by the University of Arizona, headed by professor
emeritus
Cornelius Steelink. It was also revealed that children living in a
fluoridated
community had 11 times more risk of fluorosis. Many studies with
similar
results abound
[ 32 ] Shatz, A., et al, "The Occurrence and Importance of
Paradoxical
Concentration Effects on Biological Systems", Compost Science, Vol 5,
p.22-30,
Spring 1964 ; Shatz, A., "Low Level Fluoridation and Low-Level
Radiation
- Two Case Histories of Misconduct of Science", by A. Schatz, Ph.D,
Philadelphia,
1996
[ 33 ] Scientific report reveals the connection between fluorides
and
non-ulcer dyspepsia (epigastric pain after eating). [ Gupta, I.P., et
al,
"Fluoride as a Possible Etiological Factor in Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia",
Journal
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol 7, 1992, pp.355-356 ; also,
Susheela,
A.K., "Fluoride Ingestion and Its Correlation with Gastrointestinal
Discomfort",
Fluoride, Vol 25 No.1, 1992,pp.5-22] Note: Since fluorides are
cumulative
in the body, the general level in the population where large gastric
problems
arise may be occurring. Thus, the large marketing effort for "acid
controllers"
in the 1990's, which may also be covering up the prevalence of
heliobacter
pylori infection as well as approaching fluoride toxicity in the
population.
[ 35 ] Ibid.
[ 36 ] Ibid.
[ 37 ] Ibid.
[ 38 ] Fluoridation, Jansen.
[ 39 ] Treason's Peace: German Dyes and American Dupes, Senator
Howard
W. Ambruster, Beechhurst Press, New York, 1947.
[ 40 ] Fluoridation, Isabel Jansen, R.N, Tri-State Press, 1990 ;
The
Greatest Fraud: Fluoridation, Philip R.N. Sutton, Karunda Pty, Ltd,
Lorne,
Australia, 1996 ; The Dickenson Statement: A Mind-Boggling Thesis, Ian
E. Stephens, 1987.
